Hexagonal bolts are the core fasteners for industrial connections, with a standard hexagonal head that can be quickly installed with a wrench. They are widely used in fields such as machinery, construction, automobiles, and ships. The following provides a comprehensive analysis from five dimensions: standard system, performance level, material, strength, and application scenarios.
Mainstream standard system (globally applicable)
1. Chinese Standard (GB)
-GB/T 5782: Hexagonal Head Bolts (Half Threaded, Grade A/B, M3~M64）
-GB/T 5783: Hexagonal Head Bolts (Full Thread, Grade A/B)
-GB/T 5780: Grade C rough bolts (4.6/4.8 grade, low precision, low cost)
-GB/T 1228: High-strength bolts for steel structures (grade 10.9 and above)
2. International Standards (ISO)
-ISO 4014: Half-threaded hex head bolts (Class A/B)
-ISO 4017: Full thread hex head bolts (Class A/B)
-ISO 898-1: Mechanical performance grades (4.6-12.9)
3. German standards (DIN, mainstream in the European Union)
-DIN 931: Half threaded hex head bolt (metric coarse thread)
-DIN 933: Full thread hex head bolts (metric coarse/fine thread)
-Features: High dimensional accuracy, strict tolerances, suitable for precision machinery
4. American Standards (ASTM/SAE, Imperial System)
-ASTM A307: Ordinary Carbon Steel Bolts (≈ Grade 4.6)
-SAE J429: High strength bolts (Grade 2/5/8, corresponding to metric grades 4.8/8.8/10.9)
-ASTM A325/A490: High strength bolts for steel structures
5. Japanese Standards (JIS)
-JIS B1176: Hexagonal head bolts (metric, compatible with Asian equipment)
Application scenarios (classified by intensity/environment)
1. Choose low strength (4.6/4.8 grade, carbon steel) for the following usage scenarios: furniture assembly, household appliance fixation, simple shelving, ordinary doors and windows, non load bearing connections in civil buildings, temporary fixation
2. The following usage scenarios are selected for medium strength (grade 5.8/8.8, medium carbon steel) and widely used in: general machinery, machine tools, motors, pumps and valves; Automotive chassis, body, engineering machinery structural components, building steel structural substructures, pipeline supports
3. Choose high-strength (grade 10.9/12.9, alloy steel) for the following usage scenarios: heavy machinery, mining equipment, wind turbine towers, bridges, high-speed railways, steel structure main load-bearing nodes, aerospace, precision instruments, high-voltage equipment
4. Corrosion resistant scenarios (stainless steel) Common industries include food processing, pharmaceutical equipment, medical machinery, ships, marine platforms, chemical pipelines, sewage treatment, coastal buildings, outdoor photovoltaic brackets
